Current gob filling devices are mostly bottom-dump scraper conveyors. Due to the structural characteristics of the scraper, the scraper-type casting machine has high working noise, high energy consumption, and low conveying efficiency. In response to the above issues, this paper proposes the structural design of a belt-type gob casting machine and suggests using a single-sided plow-type unloader for unloading. This paper models the unloading process mathematically, providing two types of unloading models: one that follows the angle of repose for stacking and the other that spreads evenly in the middle section. Subsequently, an experimental platform is used for unloading experiments to verify the correctness of the model. Finally, by comparing the casting performance of scraper-type and belt-type machines, it is found that, without considering the service life, the unloading capacity of the belt-type gob casting machine has increased by about 75% compared to the scraper conveyor.